Lessons From Ebola: Boosting National Preparedness for Pandemics

NEW ORLEANS—At the first day of the International Disaster Conference and Expo (IDCE), one of the primary topics of areas of concern for attendees and speakers alike was the risk of pandemics and infectious diseases. In a plenary session titled “Contagious Epidemic Responses: Lessons Learned,” Dr. Clinton Lacy, director of the Institute for Emergency Preparedness and Homeland Security at Rutgers, focused on the recent and ongoing Ebola outbreak.

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While only four people in the United States were diagnosed with Ebola, three of whom survived what was previously considered a death sentence, government and health officials cannot afford to ignore the crisis, Lacy warned.

“This outbreak is not just a cautionary tale, it is a warning,” Lacy said.

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“Ebola is our public health wakeup call.

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A slow start by the Centers for Disease Control, inadequate protective gear in healthcare facilities, and inadequate planning for screening quarantine and waste management were some of the key failings in national preparedness for Ebola. And all were clearly preventable. A significant amount has been done to improve preparedness, Lacy said, but there is still a significant amount yet to do as well.

Among the issues to be addressed, Lacy pointed to:

Lacy Pandemic Preparedness

Some of that improvement must come from the top. Funding has been cut for healthcare facilities nationwide, as has money for the Hospital Preparedness Program, operated by the CDC. Other solutions can be carried out at both a national level and among individual healthcare facilities, including:

Lacy Solutions

Ultimately, Lacy said, the concern is not about Ebola—it’s about the new and emerging diseases that could prove even more catastrophic. Dozens of diseases have been discovered emerging in nature, and we have no previous contact with them, meaning we have no immunity. Further, the risks of reemerging illnesses and synthetic bio threats that any graduate student or doctor of biology could make in a lab pose a significant danger that must be prepared for now.

“Public health infrastructure is like fire departments—you can’t just fund them when there are fires,” Lacy said.

Creating a Meaningful Code of Conduct

Codes of conduct have gone from a “nice-to-have” item to a corporate standard and even legal requirement for many businesses. Unfortunately, when creating their codes many companies focus solely on satisfying the legal requirements.

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Consequently, their codes are bogged down with complex legal jargon and company rules. These codes fail to make a meaningful connection between the organization’s objectives and its ethics and compliance management, and as a result, remain largely ineffective.

However, leading firms see the code of conduct as an opportunity to communicate and drive company values and expectations. They view the code as a tool for promoting a more ethical company culture. But making a truly effective and engaging code of conduct is easier said than done. Below are some best practices for creating a more meaningful code.

Content and Readability

No one wants to read a list of “thou shalt nots.” Instead, center your code’s content around issues employees face on a day-to-day basis and the organization’s values. Try presenting information by high-level topics or behaviors instead of by law. Also keep in mind that the code should relay high-level principles, not detailed operational guidelines.

Similarly, ditch the legal jargon and write in a clear, concise language that employees will understand. The tone should reflect your organizational culture and employee demographics. Remember that the code is there to help employees make the right ethical decisions, so make sure there are no grey areas.

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Presentation and Accessibility

Although strong and clear-cut content is essential, the code’s presentation and accessibility are equally so. Interesting, eye-catching design can dramatically improve your code’s usability and retention. Try using a mix of various design techniques like call-out boxes to highlight essential information, pull-quotes for added emphasis, and company-specific question and answer sections that ensure employees know how to apply the code’s guidance.

If you haven’t already, transform the print version of your code into an interactive, digital version. Incorporate multimedia, interactive elements such as video, quizzes, games, etc. directly into your digital code. These elements not only break up written content, but they also help bring concepts to life and promote retention. Consider requiring employees to complete these activities as a way to blur the lines between your code and training. Additionally, many digital programs can easily capture and analyze user data, which can assist in measuring and proving your code’s effectiveness.

It is also easier for users to search for topics in a digital version than it is a print version. Make access to other compliance resources just as easy by inserting one-click links to more detailed company policies, reporting tools and contact information. Going digital also makes it possible for employees to access your code of conduct from anywhere at any time. Provide employees with a direct link to the code from the company intranet.

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If a considerable amount of the company workforce travels often or works on tablet devices, you may want to consider creating a mobile-friendly version of the code.

Be mindful of local laws and cultures that may vary in your areas of operation. If your organization is international, be sure to provide a localized version of the code that is in the native language, sensitive of cultural differences and reflects country-specific information, legislation and regulations. Sometimes company practices and standards of behavior may be inconsistent with practices of that local culture. In these cases, additional explanations may be needed for proper guidance.

Soliciting Feedback and Certification

Adding code certification tracking gives an added layer of due diligence, allowing an organization to verify the receipt and review of the code by every employee. Afterwards, gather feedback to find out what aspects or areas of the code resonated with them and what areas could be improved or clarified. Identify common questions employees still have and address them in the next update.

Making changes based off employee comments will help make your code as effective and engaging as possible. However, it is also important to periodically update your code of conduct to reflect changes in the work environment and regulation requirements.

Companies that create a code of conduct only to satisfy a legal requirement will not gain much value. However, those that take the time to create an engaging code that drives company values and expectations will reap the benefits.

Most Companies Miss Easiest Ways to Boost Workplace Cybersecurity

Despite increasing attention to cybersecurity and a seemingly constant stream of high-profile data breaches, the primary security method used in businesses worldwide remains the simple password. According to a recent study, the average person now has 19 passwords to remember, so it is not surprising that the vast majority of passwords are, from a security perspective, irrefutably bad, including sequential numbers, dictionary words or a pet’s name.

A new report by software firm Software Advice found that 44% of employees are not confident about the strength of their passwords. While many felt their usage was either extremely or very secure, the group reported, “our findings suggest that users either remain unaware of the rules despite the hype, do not believe them to be good advice or simply find them too burdensome, and thus opt for less secure passwords.

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Among the biggest password sins employees commit:

Employee Password Worst Practices

But company culture and IT leadership may be partly to blame. “If management is lax about enforcing best practices, then leadership must share the blame when workers take shortcuts—and perhaps even accept the lion’s share of it,” the report reads.

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Only 54% of businesses require complex passwords, and other shortcomings in best practice enforcement include:

Enforced Workplace Password Best Practices

White House Cybersecurity Coordinator Michael Daniel has previously said that he “would love to kill the password dead as a primary security method,” and 14% of companies are leading the charge, using biometric identification instead. Clearly, however, there is plenty that IT departments can implement now to boost cybersecurity without adopting advanced and costly measures like retina scans or fingerprints.

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Flurry-Down Economics: The Real Cost of Blizzards

Winter Storm Juno New York City

Despite predictions of a “historic” snowstorm this week, the Northeast – and the insurance industry – largely dodged the blizzard bullet. Over the past 20 years, winter storms have caused an average of $1.2 billion in insurable losses every year, the Insurance Information Institute reported. Last year’s polar vortex and significant snow accumulations came with a price tag between $15 and $50 billion, and winter weather caused $3.7 billion in overall losses, of which an estimated $2.3 billion was insured, according to MunichRe.

NATURAL DISASTER LOSSES IN THE UNITED STATES, 2014

Ahead of what could have been record snow, seven states preemptively declared a state of emergency for what some dubbed Winter Storm Juno. Authorities shut down many major cities, canceling thousands of flights and closing major roads and mass transit systems.

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Though Boston was pummeled by about two feet of snow, New York City and most of the region emerged relatively unscathed.

“We think the economic impact of the storm is going to be relatively small,” said Evan Gold, senior vice president at weather advisory firm Planalytics. “We’re estimating at about 0 million, and that’s simply based on the duration of the storm, the timing of the storm and the population centers that are impacted.”

Others estimate the cost may be closer to $1 billion, considering the lost business, wages and taxes, and snow removal costs. According to a new report from City Comptroller Scott Stringer, in the past 12 years, every inch of snow cost New York City an average of $1.8 million to remove. From 2003 through 2014, the city spent $663.2 million just to clear the snow. Lighter snowfall actually takes a greater toll per-inch. “It’s a lot more expensive on a per-inch basis when we get a little snow because we have startup costs and we have fixed costs. We have to have plows and salt,” Stringer said. As a result, the city saw 55.5 inches of snow in 2003 and paid $740,000 per inch in cleanup costs, while the city had 6.8 inches of snow in 2012 and paid $4 million per inch.

In a press conference on Tuesday, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo shrugged off the financial implications of preparations for and recovery from Juno, calling it one of the “costs of doing business.” He explained, “We factor that in—things like snow removal, salt purchases, overtime for crew to handle storms, these are factored in the budget and this was not exceptional to that process.”

The cost of overpreparation is hefty, however, and it primarily falls upon the public. A one-day storm in Massachusetts costs the state economy about $265 million, while the total cost in New York is around $700 million, according to the Boston Globe. A significant portion of that is due to lost wages for hourly workers, who tend to be hit the worst by snow-related shutdowns.

Travel cancellations have a similar impact.

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According to research firm masFlight, it costs an airline about ,000 to cancel a typical domestic flight on a full-size jet, but the total tab for all the passengers who were supposed to be on board is about ,000, due to the additional costs of lodging and meals.

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More than 4,700 flights were cancelled Tuesday after about 2,800 on Monday ahead of the storm, CNN reported. Amtrak also suspended service between New York and Boston because of the weather.